Lesson 6 / 10 · stage-3-instructions
tvām eva śambhuṃ śaraṇaṃ prapadye — I take refuge
Abhinavagupta, Paramārthasāra v.1 (opening); translation-work paramarthasara · Paramārthasāra param-p01-v01
content l06-sambhu-sarana
1 · Original witness
Supreme, abiding beyond, depthless, beginningless, one — lodged in many caves, home of all: Śambhu, to You I come for refuge.
- author: Abhinavagupta
- work: Paramārthasāra
- verse: 1 (param-p01-v01)
- edition: translation-work/paramarthasara (gold)
- variants: Refuge is second half; epithet chain first. v.3 names Abhinavagupta. passages header range note kept.
2 · Recitation
tvām | e-va | śam-bhum | śa-ra-ṇam | pra-pa-dye
- vowel lengths: ā in tvām, śaraṇam
- articulation: ṃ in tvām; middle -e on prapadye
- metre: Paramārthasāra opening refuge
Learn it — practical entry
Supreme, abiding beyond, depthless, beginningless, one — lodged in many caves, home of all: Śambhu, to You I come for refuge.
Accusative objects of refuge; one middle verb.
Formal refuge line. Refuge half alone, then two epithets.
Decode it — rigorous language instruction
3 · Padaccheda
| surface | underlying | gloss | rule | morph |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tvām | tvad + acc.sg | to-you | accusative “you” | acc.sg (tvam) |
| eva | eva | indeed | emphatic | indecl. |
| śambhum | śambhu + acc.m | to-Śambhu | acc of refuge-object | m.acc.sg (śambhu) |
| śaraṇam | śaraṇa + acc.n | to-refuge | acc “refuge” | n.acc.sg (śaraṇa) |
| prapadye | √pad + pra + 1sg.pres.mid | I-resort | middle “I resort” | 1sg.pres.mid √pad+pra |
| guhāsu | guhā + loc.pl.f | in-caves | loc.pl “in caves” | f.loc.pl (guhā) |
| sarvālayam | sarva + ālaya + acc.n | all-abode | “abode of all” | n.acc.sg (comp.) |
| param | param | supreme | — | n.nom.sg (para) |
| parastham | parastham | abiding-beyond | — | n.acc.sg (comp.) |
| gahanād | gahanād | from-depth | — | n.abl.sg (gahana) |
| anādim | anādim | beginningless | — | n.acc.sg (comp.) |
| ekam | ekam | one | — | n.acc.sg (eka) |
| niviṣṭam | niviṣṭam | entered | — | n.acc.sg ppp √viś+ni |
| bahudhā | bahudhā | manifoldly | — | indecl. |
| sarvacarācarastham | sarvacarācarastham | all-moving-unmoving-abiding | — | n.acc.sg (long comp.) |
Exercise: Reverse prapadye → preverb, root, ending.
4 · Morphology
| surface | lemma | analysis | formation |
|---|---|---|---|
| param | param | n.nom.sg (para) | supreme |
| anādim | anādim | n.acc.sg (comp.) | beginningless |
| ekam | ekam | n.acc.sg (eka) | one |
| guhāsu | guhāsu | f.loc.pl (guhā) | in-caves |
| tvām | tvām | acc.sg (tvam) | to-you |
| eva | eva | indecl. | indeed |
| śambhum | śambhum | m.acc.sg (śambhu) | to-Śambhu |
| śaraṇam | śaraṇam | n.acc.sg (śaraṇa) | to-refuge |
| prapadye | prapadye | 1sg.pres.mid √pad+pra | I-resort |
5 · Compounds
sarva+ālaya; sarva+carācara+stha; param+parastha
| compound | members | relation | reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| sarvacarācarastha | sarva, carācara, stha | tatpuruṣa | abiding in all moving and unmoving |
| sarvālaya | sarva, ālaya | tatpuruṣa | abode of all |
Core: acc. chain + 1sg middle refuge verb.
6 · Sandhi proof
| inputs | rule | output |
|---|---|---|
| tvad + -ām | pronominal acc. sg. | tvām |
| pra + √pad + -e | preverb + root + 1sg middle | prapadye |
| gahana + -āt | ablative -āt | gahanād |
7 · Syntax
- case roles: epithet chain facing tvām; śaraṇam acc; prapadye 1sg mid; gahanād abl
- agreement: acc masc/n; śambhum masc acc
- finite verbs: prapadye only
- implied: refuge frame “I take refuge in You alone”
8 · Translation from the syntax
Interlinear: supreme · beyond-abiding · from-depth · beginningless · one · all-abode · all-moving-unmoving-abiding · you-acc · indeed · Śambhu-acc · refuge-acc · I-resort
Literal: Supreme, abiding beyond, from the depth, beginningless, one, entered manifoldly in caves, abode of all, abiding in all moving and unmoving: You alone, Śambhu, refuge — I resort.
Readable: Supreme, abiding beyond, depthless, beginningless, one, lodged in many caves, home of all: Śambhu, to You I come for refuge.
Alternatives: passages header vs v01 locator noted — no silent renumbering.
Recognise it — Trika exegesis
Text / Abhinavagupta: First act is refuge in Śambhu after absolute epithets; v.3 names author-view.
Bridge: Acc marks what is taken; non-dual claim comes later in the work, not into the case table.
- śaraṇam (acc) — refuge as what is entered
- prapadye (1sg mid) — self-involved resorting
- epithet chain — qualities of the one in whom refuge is taken
Lakshmanjoo: Lakshmanjoo mealtime is a different text (Gītā 4.24).
Our synthesis: Pedagogical framing; L3 from translation-work.
10 · Practice and mastery
- recite: Refuge half alone, then two epithets.
- write: Mark every acc. in second pāda.
- memorise: 1sg middle -e with prapadye as a set.
- when: Formal refuge line.
Transfer exercises:
- Reverse prapadye.
- Which words accusative? Why tvām?
- Find ablative “from …”.