Lesson 10 / 10 · stage-5-original
iha jñānaṃ mokṣakāraṇam — Tantrasāra prose
Abhinavagupta, Tantrasāra Āhnika 1 (prose); translation-work tantrasara-a01 · Tantrasāra tsa-a01 (L0 tsa-a01-v04 segment)
content l10-tantrasara-prose
1 · Original witness
Here knowledge is the cause of liberation because it opposes ignorance, the cause of bondage.
- author: Abhinavagupta
- work: Tantrasāra
- verse: Āhnika 1 prose (tsa-a01-v04 segment)
- edition: translation-work/tantrasara-a01 (gold machine-proposed; passages tsa01-p01)
- variants: Syllabus focus sentence; continues dvividhaṃ ca ajñānaṃ… GRETIL NC open — RIGHTS.md.
2 · Recitation
i-ha | jñā-naṃ | mo-kṣa-kā-ra-ṇaṃ | ban-dha-ni-mit-ta-sya | a-jñā-na-sya | vi-ro-dha-ka-tvāt
- vowel lengths: ā in jñāna, kāraṇa
- articulation: ñ in jñāna; ṣ in mokṣa; dense clusters
- metre: prose — argument rhythm
Learn it — practical entry
Here knowledge is the cause of liberation because it opposes ignorance, the cause of bondage.
Prose: nominal sentence + causal ablative.
Before Tantrasāra study. Read aloud twice — flow before compounds.
Decode it — rigorous language instruction
3 · Padaccheda
| surface | underlying | gloss | rule | morph |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| iha | iha | Here | indeclinable “here” | indecl. (adv.) |
| jñānaṃ | jñāna + nom.n | knowledge | knowledge | n.nom.sg (jñāna) |
| mokṣakāraṇaṃ | mokṣa + kāraṇa + nom.n | liberation's-cause | cause of liberation | n.nom.sg (comp., predicate) |
| bandhanimittasya | bandha + nimitta + gen.n | the-cause-of-bondage | of bondage-cause | n.gen.sg (comp.) |
| ajñānasya | ajñāna + gen.n | of-ignorance | of ignorance | n.gen.sg (ajñāna) |
| virodhakatvāt | virodhaka + tvāt + abl.n | through-being-the-opponent | abstract -tva + abl -āt | n.abl.sg (comp., through being-opponent) |
| dvividhaṃ | dvividhaṃ | Twofold | — | n.nom.sg (comp., predicate adj.) |
| ca | ca | and | — | indecl. (conj.) |
| ajñānaṃ | ajñānaṃ | ignorance | — | n.nom.sg (ajñāna) |
| buddhigataṃ | buddhigataṃ | intellect-located | — | n.nom.sg (comp.) |
| pauruṣaṃ ca | pauruṣaṃ ca | personal | — | n.nom.sg + indecl. (ca) |
| tatra | tatra | Therein | — | indecl. (adv.) |
| buddhigataṃ | buddhigataṃ | the-intellect-located | — | n.nom.sg (comp.) |
| aniścayasvabhāvaṃ | aniścayasvabhāvaṃ | doubt-natured | — | n.nom.sg (comp.) |
| viparītaniścayātmakaṃ ca | viparītaniścayātmakaṃ ca | wrong-conviction-natured | — | n.nom.sg (comp.) + indecl. (ca) |
| pauruṣaṃ tu | pauruṣaṃ tu | The-personal | — | n.nom.sg + indecl. (tu) |
| vikalpasvabhāvaṃ | vikalpasvabhāvaṃ | thought-natured | — | n.nom.sg (comp.) |
| saṃkucitaprathātmakaṃ | saṃkucitaprathātmakaṃ | contracted-manifestation-natured | — | n.nom.sg (comp.) |
| tad eva ca | tad eva ca | that-itself | — | n.nom.sg (tad) + indecl. (eva) + indecl. (ca) |
| mūlakāraṇaṃ | mūlakāraṇaṃ | the-root-cause | — | n.nom.sg (comp.) |
| saṃsārasya | saṃsārasya | of-saṃsāra | — | m.gen.sg (saṃsāra) |
| iti | iti | as | — | indecl. (quotative) |
| vakṣyāmaḥ | vakṣyāmaḥ | we-shall-teach | — | 1pl.fut.act √vac (we-shall-teach) |
| malanirṇaye | malanirṇaye | under-stain-determination | — | m.loc.sg (comp., under stain-determination) |
Exercise: Mark every genitive and the causal ablative.
4 · Morphology
| surface | lemma | analysis | formation |
|---|---|---|---|
| iha | iha | indecl. (adv.) | Here |
| jñānaṃ | jñānaṃ | n.nom.sg (jñāna) | knowledge |
| mokṣakāraṇaṃ | mokṣakāraṇaṃ | n.nom.sg (comp., predicate) | liberation's-cause |
| bandhanimittasya | bandhanimittasya | n.gen.sg (comp.) | the-cause-of-bondage |
| ajñānasya | ajñānasya | n.gen.sg (ajñāna) | of-ignorance |
| virodhakatvāt | virodhakatvāt | n.abl.sg (comp., through being-opponent) | through-being-the-opponent |
| dvividhaṃ | dvividhaṃ | n.nom.sg (comp., predicate adj.) | Twofold |
| ca | ca | indecl. (conj.) | and |
| ajñānaṃ | ajñānaṃ | n.nom.sg (ajñāna) | ignorance |
| buddhigataṃ | buddhigataṃ | n.nom.sg (comp.) | intellect-located |
| pauruṣaṃ ca | pauruṣaṃ ca | n.nom.sg + indecl. (ca) | personal |
| tatra | tatra | indecl. (adv.) | Therein |
5 · Compounds
mokṣa+kāraṇa; bandha+nimitta; virodhaka+tva
| compound | members | relation | reading |
|---|---|---|---|
| mokṣakāraṇa | mokṣa, kāraṇa | tatpuruṣa | cause of liberation |
| bandhanimitta | bandha, nimitta | tatpuruṣa | cause of bondage |
| virodhakatva | virodhaka, tva | abstract | fact of opposing |
Prose stacks genitives; no metrical rescue.
6 · Sandhi proof
| inputs | rule | output |
|---|---|---|
| bandha + nimitta + -sya | gen.sg -sya | bandhanimittasya |
| virodhaka + -tva + -āt | abstract then abl | virodhakatvāt |
| jñāna + -ṃ | neuter nom/acc anusvāra | jñānaṃ |
7 · Syntax
- case roles: jñānaṃ nom; mokṣakāraṇam nom pred; gen chain; virodhakatvāt abl of cause
- agreement: neuters in causal spine
- finite verbs: none in focus sentence — nominal predication
- implied: “is” implied; because-logic in -āt
8 · Translation from the syntax
Interlinear: here · knowledge(NOM) · liberation-cause(NOM) · bondage-cause(GEN) · ignorance(GEN) · opposing-ness(ABL)
Literal: Here knowledge is the cause of liberation, [because] of being opposed to ignorance, the cause of bondage.
Readable: Here knowledge is the cause of liberation because it opposes ignorance, the cause of bondage.
Alternatives: Machine-proposed gold; focus sentence from syllabus; no invented completion.
Recognise it — Trika exegesis
Text / Abhinavagupta: Opening causal argument: knowledge opposes ignorance — recognition theme in philosophical prose.
Bridge: Ablative of cause builds “because”; Trika content is the jñāna/ajñāna opposition the grammar encodes.
- jñāna (nom) — knowledge as liberating cause
- ajñāna (gen) — ignorance as bondage-cause
- virodhakatva (abl) — opposition as causal hinge
Lakshmanjoo: Not primary for this sentence.
Our synthesis: Pedagogical framing; L2/L3 from tantrasara-a01. GRETIL NC — commercial blocked.
10 · Practice and mastery
- recite: Read aloud twice — flow before compounds.
- write: Bracket genitives; box ablative.
- memorise: -tva/-tā + -āt as foundational prose rule box.
- when: Before Tantrasāra study.
Transfer exercises:
- Why ablative virodhakatvāt?
- What does each genitive attach to?
- Build English because-clause in Sanskrit order.